Flexible PCBs enable product manufacturers to create flexible products by incorporating circuits that can bend, connecting multiple rigid boards, and fitting designed circuits into planned spaces or enclosures through the bending of the PCB. In an upcoming blog, we will delve into the detailed advantages of both Flexible and Rigid-Flex PCBs.
The primary distinction between Flexible PCBs and rigid PCBs lies in the base material used. Flexible PCBs utilize thin polymer materials that provide the necessary flexibility, in contrast to the rigid base materials used in traditional PCBs. However, the core manufacturing processes remain largely the same. Copper can still be etched to create copper patterns, plated through holes are present, and components can be installed on flexible PCBs. It is important to note that the manufacturing processes differ significantly between Rigid PCBs, Flexible PCBs, and Rigid-Flex PCBs, which combine elements of both. We will discuss these differences and explore the etching of copper and the PCB manufacturing and assembly processes in a future blog.
Please refer to the accompanying figure for a visual representation highlighting the distinctive appearances of Rigid, Flexible, and Rigid-Flex PCBs.
Fig.8: Example of Rigid, Flexible and Rigid-Flexible PCB
In this blog, we have shown the layer structure of Flexible and Rigid-Flex PCBs, building upon our previous discussion on the layer structure of Rigid PCBs. By thoroughly examining the layer structures of these PCB types, we will be able to make a comprehensive comparison between Rigid PCBs, Flexible PCBs, and Rigid-Flex PCBs.
Fig.9: Layer Structure of 2 layer Flexible PCB
As depicted in Figure 9, the layer structure of a two-layer flexible PCB closely resembles that of a rigid PCB, with the main difference being the utilization of flexible base materials. In flexible PCBs, the traditional solder mask is replaced by a layer called Coverlay, while the silkscreen is replaced by Overlay. Understanding these terms is essential for a comprehensive understanding of flexible PCBs.
Both Coverlay and flexible solder mask serve the purpose of providing protection to the copper areas on the PCB. However, their specific applications differ. Coverlay is used for areas with larger pitch bending, while flexible solder mask is employed in areas with denser (smaller) pitch bending. These specialized materials ensure the flexibility and durability of the PCB while protecting the copper traces.
Overlay, similar to silkscreen in rigid PCBs, is responsible for component naming and marking on the PCB. It enables clear identification and enhances the overall visual appeal of the flexible PCB.
By familiarizing ourselves with these terms and their respective functions, we can effectively navigate the intricacies of flexible PCB design and manufacturing. Understanding the role of Coverlay, flexible solder mask, and Overlay empowers us to make informed decisions regarding material selection and design considerations in order to achieve optimal performance and functionality in flexible PCB applications.
Fig.10: Layer Structure of 2 layer Rigid-Flexible PCB
As depicted in Figure 10, the layer structure of a two-layer Rigid-Flex PCB showcases a combination of flexible and rigid layers. This arrangement provides a clear visual understanding of how the Rigid-Flex PCB's layers are formed.
Rigid-Flex PCBs offer a unique hybrid design that combines the benefits of both rigid and flexible PCB technologies. The layer structure demonstrates the seamless integration of flexible layers with rigid layers, resulting in a versatile and adaptable PCB solution.
